• The finding of the apelin APJ axis represents an

  2024-01-30

  

  The finding of the apelin/APJ axis represents an impressive event in cardiovascular studies. As a result of various experimental and clinical studies conducted in vivo and in vitro, it has been indicated that apelin/APJ is a crucial mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis, which takes part in the pat

• The putative residue apelin proprotein proapelin

  2024-01-30

  

  The putative 55-residue apelin proprotein (proapelin or apelin-55) is processed from a 77-residue preproprotein through removal of a 22-residue signal peptide (Table 1). Apelin-55 is further processed into bioactive isoforms of 36, 17, or 13 residues, likely through protease-mediated mechanisms. To

• Although the interactions of PhLP with

  2024-01-30

  

  Although the interactions of PhLP with Gβγ and its other partners have been convincingly documented through in vitro studies, it is not clear how PhLP controls angiotensin receptor blockers signaling in vivo. C. elegans provides a powerful genetic model to analyze Phosducin function and study its i

• The current antifungal pipeline contains several

  2024-01-30

  

  The current antifungal pipeline contains several categories of compounds at different stages of development [1], [9], [10], [96]. In Table 1 we summarize the most promising antifungal molecules that are in preclinical and in clinical development. Several compounds in the pipeline are derivatives of

• Nanoparticles are submicrometric systems smaller than nm

  2024-01-30

  

  Nanoparticles are submicrometric systems smaller than 1000 nm which high surface area and composite materials may allow their greater interaction with biological membranes and control of the drug release. These features are directly associated with the efficacy of treatment and the presence of adver

• Although several ARIs have reached various phases of

  2024-01-30

  

  Although several ARIs have reached various phases of clinical experimentation however most of them have been withdrawn either due to an insufficient bioavailability, their poor efficacy or adverse side effects. Currently Epalrestat is in clinical use for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The sid

• An alternative to the agonist

  2024-01-29

  

  An alternative to the agonist or antagonist potential in drug discovery is the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) approach, which can augment the normal processes of neurotransmission as opposed to directly replacing or antagonizing them. PAMs are thought to bind to sites that are distinct from the

• Although effects of low concentrations of agonist

  2024-01-29

  

  Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major MG 624 receptor α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esterase-inh

• Congruously our findings of voltage

  2024-01-29

  

  Congruously, our findings of voltage-electrode-clamping assays indicate that hipN851K mutation mediates partial loss of Na+/K+-ATPase pump currents, also confirming our thesis that hipN851K mutation acts as a hypomorph. As demonstrated here by our external electrical stimulation studies and ECG reco

• To elucidate whether membrane fluidity changes could impact

  2024-01-29

  

  To elucidate whether membrane fluidity changes could impact on signaling pathways, we examined the effects of Rh2 on the activation of Akt, a lipid raft-associated protein kinase, which promotes cell survival and blocks the apoptotic pathways. Upon pretreatment with 5 mM MβCD and in the absence of R

• Apelin is a peptide hormone

  2024-01-29

  

  Apelin is a peptide hormone and an endogenous ligand for a G protein-coupled receptor named APJ [7], [8], and apelin and APJ are widely expressed in human organs including hypothalamus, heart, lungs, kidneys, adipose tissue, muscles, and others [9]. Apelin is initially synthesized as a 77-amino-acid

• Previously we have detected the expression of APJ receptor o

  2024-01-29

  

  Previously, we have detected the expression of APJ receptor on stomach projecting Licarbazepine in DMV, in addition, icv administration of apelin-13 induced a remarkable c-Fos activation in those cells which were previously marked by a retrograde neuronal tracer fast blue (Birsen et al., 2016). More

• Acknowledgments br Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis

  2024-01-29

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia and a crushing disease that occurs as a result of a variety of lung injuries, including auto-immune, tuberculosis and traumatic insult [1], [2]. PF is characterized by the accumulation of extracel

• While there is much in

  2024-01-29

  

  While there is much in vivo work on prion-like Aβ, it has not been shown that one can induce inclusions of Aβ in cultured cells as has been shown for tau and α-synuclein. One reason is practical; Aβ is a low molecular weight metabolite cleaved from within the larger amyloid precursor protein (APP) a

• Consideration of the rate of

  2024-01-29

  

  Consideration of the rate of product formation at different substrate concentrations and estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters gives some insight into the possible mechanisms underlying the observed decreases in enzyme activity. Estimates based on two-substrate concentrations lack precision and

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