• We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence in

  2024-02-02

  

  We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence in peri-gonadal AT from db/db mice and controls. CLS are morphological features within AT that are accurate indicators of adipocyte death and macrophage infiltration [56]. An earlier study showed that CLS macrophages account for >90% of the t

• Recently dairy proteins obtained from whey have received con

  2024-02-02

  

  Recently, dairy proteins obtained from whey have received considerable attention for their antioxidant bioactivity (Bayram et al., 2008; Haraguchi et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2012). Bovine whey proteins (WP) are widely used in various foods for their nutritional, health-promoting, and functional val

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Alzheimer s

  2024-02-01

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the elderly population. Senile plaques in the brain, one of the pathological hallmarks of AD, are formed by the accumulation of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) with an extensive β-sheet s

• br Funding This study was supported by a grant

  2024-02-01

  

  Funding This study was supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (No. 2014Y2-00181) and the personnel training program of Southern Medical University (No. PY2015N023). Conflict of interest statement Authors’contributions Introduction Chronic cerebral hypo

• The expanding catalog of glutamate receptor auxiliary subuni

  2024-02-01

  

  The expanding catalog of glutamate receptor auxiliary subunits and associated transmembrane proteins underscores the importance and complexity of the receptor complexes. Whereas the interactions described here specifically control AMPARs, distinct auxiliary subunits, Neto-1/2, modulate neuronal kain

• br The lipoxygenase pathway in

  2024-02-01

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the nervous system Conclusions and future perspectives Arachidonic Spiperone hydrochloride and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their lipid metabolites, play very important roles in human health and disease. This review has outlined the func

• The AHR potentially enhances IDO expression possibly

  2024-02-01

  

  The AHR potentially enhances IDO-expression, possibly via crosstalk with several inflammatory signaling pathways (shown by now for IL6 and ‘signal transducer and activator of transcription’ (STAT) 3, and for NFκB, toll like receptor-pathways) [56,59,60]. IDO metabolizes Trp to kynurenines, which are

• br Introduction Nausea and vomiting are among the

  2024-02-01

  

  Introduction Nausea and vomiting are among the most distressing side effects associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients (Billio et al., 2010). Severe emesis can negatively affect a patient's nutritional state, ability to work and motivation, which can, in turn, interfere with the clinical co

• br Perspectives and challenges Previously

  2024-02-01

  

  Perspectives and challenges Previously, the main focus of development of adenosine targets for pain was on A1Rs, due to prominent antinociception in multiple preclinical models and preliminary observations in human trials. However, delivery of agonists can be limited by other (e.g. cardiovascular

• Oxidative stress has recently been reported as

  2024-02-01

  

  Oxidative stress has recently been reported as one of the important mechanisms of toxic effect of Cd2+[43]. The mechanism of Cd2+-induced oxidative stress involves an imbalance between generation and removal of ROS in tissues and cellular components, causing damage to membranes, DNA, and proteins [4

• br Results br Discussion To achieve

  2024-02-01

  

  Results Discussion To achieve quantitative understanding of cpt 3 turnover, we utilize rapidly moving lamellipodial fragments that are geometrically simple, structurally homogeneous, and persistent, and measure relevant rates and concentrations in this system. We find that the lamellipodial a

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Autoantibodies directed

  2024-02-01

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Autoantibodies directed at neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels are pathogenic and/or biomarkers in several autoimmune neurological diseases [1]. For example, autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated potassium channels, the P/Q-type (α1A) voltage-gated

• In this study in an effort to explore the possible

  2024-02-01

  

  In this study, in an effort to explore the possible role of 5-HT6 receptors in mediating the memory-enhancing effects of YL-0919, we first assessed the memory-enhancing effects of YL-0919 in the Morris water maze, object recognition test and step-down passive avoidance task. In addition, we then in

• Mistletoe is universal name for various species of parasitic

  2024-02-01

  

  Mistletoe is universal name for various species of parasitic plant which grows attached to and within the branches of host trees such as apple, elm, oak and pine. Mistletoe extract prepared from Viscum album, a species of mistletoe in the family Santalaceae, is generally known as European mistletoe

• IGF is an anabolic growth factor

  2024-02-01

  

  IGF1 is an anabolic growth factor that induces hypertrophy and blocks atrophy in skeletal muscle by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (Egerman and Glass, 2014). In addition to its anabolic and anti-catabolic effects, IGF1 stimulates fatty AGI-5198 sale (FA) uptake and glucose metabolism (Clemmon

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