• Biliary tract cancers BTC are categorized into intrahepatic

  2022-09-29

  

  Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are categorized into intrahepatic, perihilar, extrahepatic BTC (or cholangiocarcinoma) as well as gallbladder cancer (GBC). Although the incidence of BTC is low in developed countries (3% of gastrointestinal cancers), BTC is the second most common primary liver tumor afte

• One class of microbial derived metabolites that have receive

  2022-09-29

  

  One class of microbial-derived metabolites that have received significant attention are the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which include butyrate, acetate and propionate. The production of SCFA occurs in the colon following microbial fermentation of dietary fibers and SCFA can also be consumed in c

• br Introduction Adenosine triphosphate ATP

  2022-09-29

  

  Introduction Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an organic molecule (nucleoside triphosphate) which consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphoric prostaglandin e1 residues. ATP serves as a temporary carrier of energy in all living cells, so it is a common substance in any organism. In the ce

• br Rho family GTPases are

  2022-09-29

  

  Rho-family GTPases are molecular switches; most which cycle from an ‘on’ GTP bound state to an ‘off’ GDP bound state, driven by GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) and GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) respectively. Association with lipid membranes through a lipid (farnesyl or geranylgerany

• br Introduction Cherry tomato Solanum lycopersicum L is a co

  2022-09-28

  

  Introduction Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a commonly consumed fruit on a worldwide scale due to its characteristic flavor and high nutrition (Wei et al., 2016, Yu et al., 2014). Tomato is low in fat and calories, and is a rich natural source of nutrition and bioactive antioxidant co

• pHi regulation in astrocytes has

  2022-09-28

  

  pHi regulation in astrocytes has been examined primarily in cell culture rather than in situ. Two HCO3−-dependent transporters, NBC and Na+-driven Cl-HCO3 exchange (NDCBE), have been described [10,16], in addition to Cl-HCO3 anion exchange (AE) [96]. Culture studies indicate that NHE is the principa

• Animal studies have shown that various antidepressant treatm

  2022-09-28

  

  Animal studies have shown that various antidepressant treatment are capable of upregulating GR protein and mRNA in key 2881 regions including the hippocampus and decreasing basal and/or stress-induced glucocorticoid secretion [37]. Changes in the level or function of GR regulate the negative feedba

• In order to test the influence of the initial depolarization

  2022-09-28

  

  In order to test the influence of the initial depolarization, experiments were performed, where the degree of chloride substitution was varied, either by adding n-Ringer to Ac-IETD-pNA incubated in a sucrose Ringer or by suspending the cells directly in Ringers identical to the final composition in

• br STAR Methods br Introduction

  2022-09-27

  

  STAR★Methods Introduction γ-Secretase is a membrane-embedded proteolytic complex belonging to a diverse family of intramembrane-cleaving proteases and is composed of four integral membrane proteins: presenilin (PS), nicastrin (NCT), anterior pharynx-defective 1 (Aph-1), and presenilin enhancer

• Isoflurane administration during i t procedures can complica

  2022-09-27

  

  Isoflurane administration during i.t. procedures can complicate the interpretation of our results since isoflurane has been shown to have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects (Jiang et al., 2017). Isoflurane pretreatment has been implicated as having protective effects in ischemia in animal m

• br Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion In

  2022-09-27

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion In the present study, we investigated the postnatal expression of the two GABA receptor subunits, GABAAα1 and GABAB1, in order to determine the differential expression and regional distribution pattern of them between right and left hippocampi in the

• Prion diseases are transmissible and result in fatal

  2022-09-27

  

  Prion diseases are transmissible and result in fatal neurodegenerative disorders, which, similar to AD, also involve the infiltration and activation of mononuclear phagocytes in BG45 lesions (reviewed in [61]). A 21 amino-acid fragment of the aberrant human prion protein, Prp106–126, can form fibri

• bgb324 br Conclusions We concluded that the

  2022-09-27

  

  Conclusions We concluded that the inhibitory effects of propofol on fMMYALF-induced neutrophil activation are mediated by competition with FPR1, which inhibits receptor-mediated downstream signaling and inflammatory responses such as oxidative burst, elastase release, and chemotactic migration (F

• Immunohistochemistry using anti FFAR antibodies revealed imm

  2022-09-26

  

  Immunohistochemistry using anti-FFAR1 antibodies revealed immunoreactivity for FFAR1 in association with the cell membrane of the hepatocytes (Figure 2). However, the anti-FFAR2 antibody was not suitable for immunohistochemistry under the tested conditions (data not shown). Fatty liver is an import

• Following the discovery of diketo compounds S

  2022-09-24

  

  Following the discovery of β-diketo compounds S-1360 [31] and L-731988 [32] as anti-HIV integrase inhibitors, a group of researchers discovered a potent Cy5 carboxylic acid (non-sulfonated) based derivative (1) as the inhibitor of HIV integrase functioning at the 3′-processing and strand transfer s

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