• br Conflict of interest br

  2022-06-23

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction Second generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) such as olanzapine are widely used in treating individuals with schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder and are increasingly prescribed for other conditions such as anxiety (Pringsheim and Gardner, 2

• Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucago

  2022-06-23

  

  Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucagon receptor (GCGR) by gene knockout, antisense oligonucleotides or specific antagonists induces α-cell hyperplasia and alleviates hyperglycemia and other metabolic symptoms in diabetic animals and patients [[7], [8], [9]]. Here we used a ful

• The presented results speak for the direct effects of ghreli

  2022-06-22

  

  The presented results speak for the direct effects of ghrelin on rat spermatozoa, which are accomplished by the activation of the GHSR-1a receptor. Thus, the results seem to be of physiological significance in vivo since ghrelin, the natural ligand of GHSR-1a, was found to be present in the seminal

• To obviate the mitogenic FGF

  2022-06-22

  

  To obviate the mitogenic FGF19 activity, several engineered FGF19 variants have been generated aiming to maintain the metabolic activity excluding the protumorigenic ones. One variant, M70, that differs from wild-type FGF19 by 5-amino acids deletion at the N-terminus and the substitution of 3-amino

• The objective of this study is to

  2022-06-22

  

  The objective of this study is to design and synthesize drug-like molecules with agonistic activity on both receptors; PPARγ and FFAR1. These agents would act as insulin sensitizers and insulin secretagogues through their action on PPARγ and FFAR1, respectively. The design of drugs with dual mode o

• Introduction The Antiretroviral Therapy ART

  2022-06-22

  

  Introduction The Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), in the last decade, has been providing a better treatment for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV) infection, by reducing its viral load to undetectable levels and recovering the immune system. In fact, according to the last data from UNAIDS the mo

• br Hippo Signaling in Autoimmunity An imbalance of

  2022-06-22

  

  Hippo Signaling in Autoimmunity An imbalance of T cell subsets, such as immunosuppressive regulatory T glut1 (Treg) and inflammatory TH17, has a key role in autoimmune diseases. Recently, investigations found that TAZ but not YAP enhances TH17 differentiation but attenuates Treg differentiation

• There has been some debate about which

  2022-06-22

  

  There has been some debate about which types of liver cells might be able to activate canonical Hh signalling during liver injury. These uncertainties reflect technical challenges imposed by imperfect and inconsistent reagent specificity and the nature of the signalling process itself, which is quit

• Unlike many interacting proteins NRG was the only

  2022-06-22

  

  Unlike many interacting proteins, NRG1 was the only one observed to undergo cleavage by NS3/4A. NRG1 is one of four proteins in the neuregulin family that act on the ErbB member of the EGFR (EGF receptor) family. NRG1 has several isoforms produced by alternative splicing of pro-NRG1, which allows it

• Any brain damage including that

  2022-06-22

  

  Any Cy5 NHS ester(Et) damage, including that caused by β-amyloid, triggers activation of microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS. These cells cluster around amyloid plaques, in which they extend cytoplasmic processes (Combs, 2009). The significance of this response is controversial, but one

• Excessive adiposity is also a key pathogenic factor in the

  2022-06-21

  

  Excessive adiposity is also a key pathogenic factor in the development of CVD. Through reductions in bodyweight, GPR120 agonism is therefore also implicated as a potential therapy for obesity and heart and vessel disease. In addition to weight loss, when compared with their wild-type littermates, GP

• To characterize the binding receptor for HIV

  2022-06-21

  

  To characterize the binding receptor for HIV-1 gp120 in autophagy, we used the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 and NMDA receptor inhibitor MK801 along with gp120 to treat the cardiomyocytes. Our data demonstrated that inhibition of the NMDA receptor significantly blocked the increase of gp120 induced autoph

• ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of

  2022-06-21

  

  ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the lens (Michael and Bron, 2011). Without sufficient ATP there is an ionic imbalance due to Na+K+ATPase dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that rabbit lenses incubated ex vivo without glucose rapidly lost ATP in their lens epithelium and f

• The energy required to drive

  2022-06-21

  

  The energy required to drive the functional process to actively maintain lens transparency is primarily derived from the metabolism of glucose. Since the lens is avascular and exists in an environment of low oxygen tension, glucose is primarily metabolized by diltiazem hydrochloride glycolysis (Kin

• One important discovery of our study is the identification

  2022-06-21

  

  One important discovery of our study is the identification of a pharmacological mechanism for the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (EM) in promoting joint health. EM is a commonly used antibiotic that directly binds bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis [66]. Although EM-like macrolide A

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